Consumer Protection in Online Sales under Indonesian Civil Contract Law

Abstract

This article examines the validity of online sales agreements and the remedies available to consumers when sellers fail to perform contractual obligations under Indonesian law. Employing normative legal research through statutory and conceptual approaches, it reads the Civil Code together with consumer-protection and electronic-transaction legislation. It distinguishes electronic product information, offers, orders, and legally effective acceptance; explains the conditions for default, performance, compensation, and termination; and differentiates marketplace complaint procedures from statutory dispute-resolution mechanisms. The analysis finds that electronic transactions may give rise to binding contracts when substantive validity requirements are fulfilled, while consumer-specific protections supplement rather than displace the general law of obligations. Statutory compensation timelines and BPSK procedural stages must be applied according to their specific legal conditions. The central contribution is a sequential doctrinal framework connecting formation, breach, redress, and forum selection. Because the study does not examine actual case outcomes, it does not determine the empirical effectiveness of those remedies.